CRITICAL THINKING
CRITICAL THINKING
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Bibliography
Below are all of the citations that were used in the creation of the exhibition.
Influence & Design
Andrivet, Marion. “What to Learn From Tropicana’s Packaging Redesign Failure?” The Branding Journal, May 1, 2025. https://www.thebrandingjournal.com/2015/05/what-to-learn-from-tropicanas-packaging-redesign-failure/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Gilbert, Samuel. “The Man Who Helped Design a 10,000-Year Nuclear Waste Site Marker.” VICE, April 26, 2018. https://www.vice.com/en/article/jon-lomberg-nuclear-waste-marker-v25n1/.
Khattak, None Dr.Sajid Rehman, None Haider Ali, None Yasir Khan, and None Mukharif Shah. “Color Psychology in Marketing.” Journal of Business & Tourism 4, no. 1 (November 6, 2021): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v4i1.99.
Krampen, Martin. “Signs and Symbols in Graphic Communication.” Design Quarterly, no. 62 (January 1, 1965): 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/4047303.
Malik, Saif. “How Ancient Symbols Inform Brand Design.” PixTeller (blog), February 3, 2021. https://pixteller.com/blog/how-ancient-symbols-inform-brand-design-240.
Moran, Matt. “Color Psychology Facts and Statistics.” Colorlib, July 9, 2024. https://colorlib.com/wp/color-psychology-facts/.
National Park Service. “Learn to Look at Petroglyphs and Pictographs (U.S. National Park Service),” June 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/learn-look-petroglyphs-pictographs.htm.
Peck, Anna. “Website Redesign Checklist: 5 Trends to Consider.” Clutch, December 11, 2024. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://clutch.co/resources/website-redesign-checklist.
Young, Scott, and Vincenzo Ciummo. “Managing Risk in a Package Redesign: What Can We Learn From Tropicana?” Packaging Strategies, June 19, 2009. https://www.packagingstrategies.com/articles/91264-managing-risk-in-a-package-redesign-what-can-we-learn-from-tropicana.
Persuasion
Lefebvre, Sophie, and Natalie Burclaff. “Radio and Broadcast Advertising.” Library of Congress, September 14, 2020. https://guides.loc.gov/consumer-advertising-great-depression/radio-and-broadcast-advertising.
Resistance & Protest
Burton, Orville. “Ch. 6: Social Activism through Computer Networks.” Essay. In Computing in the Social Sciences and Humanities, 88–124. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2002. https://files.press.uillinois.edu/books/oa/burton/ch06.html.
Earl, Jennifer, Thomas Maher, and Jennifer Pan. “The Digital Repression of Social Movements, Protest, and Activism: A Synthetic Review.” Science Advances 8, no. 10 (March 11, 2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl8198.
Flach, Kathryn. “Tell It Like It Is: Television and Social Change, 1960-1980.” UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2018, 1–274. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3019m0d1.
Philly, Amanda. “The Civil Rights Movement: The Power of Television.” 3690: A Journal of First-Year Student Research Writing 2012, no. 4 (2012): 1–13. https://fisherpub.sjf.edu/journal3690/vol2012/iss1/4.
Visualizing Palestine, Uprooted, October 2013. https://visualizingpalestine.org/visual/olive-harvest/
Propaganda
"1950 USSR Propaganda Ad." OboeSolo. May 25, 2017. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGk4tOUKL1c.
"1959 First EVER Barbie Commercial High Quality HQ!" BarbieCollectors. October 29, 2008. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hhjjhYGQtY&list=PLy7WZuRZEZWELI5zVrITwtDdwhk6k4me9&index=73.
"1984 Apple's Macitosh Commercial (HD)." Mac History. February 1, 2012. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtvjbmoDx-I.
"Archive Clip: JFK at Rice University, Sept. 12, 1962 - ‘We Choose to Go to the Moon’." John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. March 31, 2020. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQV9CAJWlVY.
"Burnout 3: Takedown - Crash FM Radia Transitions." Mathew DiLeva. November 5, 2021. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-KJzDkaX2k.
"Daisy Ad (LBJ 1964 Presidential Campaign Commercial)." TheLBJLibrary. May 14, 2012. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cwqHB6QeUw.
"Eyes Scream." Little Baby's Ice Cream. August 1, 2014. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJaLU0w5Do4.
"Old Analog TV Noise, Bad Signal | Retroqrad." Retroqrad Azerbaycan. April 29, 2022. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUtCYAa0_qU.
"Old VHS Sound - Damaged VHS Sound Effect." Distorted Room. January 26, 2015. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TK2RWIIHJs.
"Please Stand By Video Effect." Zen Tech. October 23, 2011. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfK213zXvvU.
"PROOF Chesterfield Cigarettes Have No Adverse Effects on Nose, Throat, Sinuses." VideosTimes2. June 29, 2011. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOKc6TNwlj4.
"VHS VCR Green Screen Chroma Key Video Editing Filter." Audioman5000. April 4, 2018. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb0L2PUWjvI.
"Vintage Old Teek with TC-44 Cough Medicine 1950's Commercial." Vintage Fanatic. July 25, 2014. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVxjV0K3t8.
“FDR’s Fireside Chat on the Recovery Program.” National Archives and Records Administration, June 1, 2020. https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fdr-fireside.
Adobe Express. “The Ultimate Guide to Propaganda.” Adobe, September 16, 2022. https://www.adobe.com/express/learn/blog/ultimate-guide-propaganda.
Brinkhof, Tim. “Memes as Propaganda: 22 Devious Techniques Used to Weaponize Social Media.” Big Think, March 14, 2022. https://bigthink.com/the-present/memes-propaganda-internet-politics/.
Dennis Benner, Sofia Marlena Schobel, Andreas Janson, and Jan Marco Leimeister, “How to Achieve Ethical Persuasive Design: A Review of Theoretical Propositions for Information Systems,” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 14, no. 4 (2022): pg 551.
Harold Von Schmidt , “Have You Really Tried to Save Gas by Getting Into a Car Club?”, 1944. Printed by the Government Printing Office NARA Still Picture Branch (NWDNS-200(S)-PSC-16)
Randal Marlin, Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion, (Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: 2003): pg 15.
Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Aristotle rhetoric) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/
USDA, Smokey Bear Campaign Poster, 1920, Nabb Research Center Online Exhibits, accessed March 28, 2025, https://libapps.salisbury.edu/nabb-online/items/show/714.
Ethics & Truth
“Censorship.” Wikipedia. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship.
Kharvi, Prakash L. “Understanding the Impact of AI-Generated Deepfakes on Public Opinion, Political Discourse, and Personal Security in Social Media.” IEEE Security & Privacy 22, no. 4 (2024): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2024.3405963.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Book Burning.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/book-burning.
Unknown Hacker. Response to “Donald Trump kissing Elon Musk’s Feet.” Unknown generator, February 24, 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2025/02/24/video-of-trump-kissing-elon-musks-feet-reportedly-plays-in-hud-building/
Mass Influence/Communication
Barrett, Nicholas. “How Social Media Algorithms Shape Speech.” BBC News, October 12, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8e4p4z97eo.
Bellis, Mary. “Who Made the First Video Recorder?” ThoughtCo, April 19, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-video-recorders-4077043.
Bermudez, Andres. “The World Wide Web as Social Media.” vVvAlog, February 8, 2015. https://andreslombana.net/blog/2015/02/08/the-world-wide-web-as-social-media/.
Cartwright, Mark. “The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe.” World History Encyclopedia, November 2, 2020. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1632/the-printing-revolution-in-renaissance-europe/.
Chris. “The Physics of Morse Code: Efficiency in Simplicity.” Ham Radio Academy, April 5, 2024. https://hamradioacademy.com/the-physics-of-morse-code-efficiency-in-simplicity/.
Cole, Jordan. “The Impact of Nfts on the Digital Art World.” BlockApps, April 17, 2024. https://blockapps.net/blog/the-impact-of-nfts-on-the-digital-art-world/.
Duton, William H., Everett M. Rogers, and Suk-Ho Jun. “Diffusion and Social Impacts of Personal Computers.” Communication Research 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 219–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365087014002005.
Estrada, Andrea. “Origins of the Public Art Museum.” University of California, July 24, 2014. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/origins-public-art-museum#:~:text=In%201734%2C%20almost%2060%20years,as%20we%20know%20them%20today.
Fisher, David, and Donald Fink. “Television.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, February 24, 2005. https://www.britannica.com/technology/television-technology.
Foley, John Miles. “Oral Tradition.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, May 17, 2010. https://www.britannica.com/topic/oral-tradition.
Gonsalves, Florence, Jama Green, Alex Parrish, Tonia Moxley, Chelsea Seeber, and Ashley Williamson. “AI—The Good, the Bad, and the Scary.” Virginia Tech Engineer, 2023. https://eng.vt.edu/magazine/stories/fall-2023/ai.html
Freiberger, Paul, and Michael Swaine. “ENIAC.” Encyclopedia Britannica, May 27, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/technology/ENIAC.
Hills, Thomas. “#What’sItToYou?” Persuasion and Influence, March 19, 2020. https://persuasion-and-influence.blogspot.com/.
Parida, Surabhi. “Evolution of Social Media Algorithms: The Invisible Hand Guiding Our Online Experience.” Reso, October 6, 2024. https://resoinsights.com/insight/evolution-of-social-media-algorithms-the-invisible-hand-guiding-our-online-experience/.
Rajput, Abubaka. “The Impact of the Iphone on Mobile Technology and Communication.” Medium, August 8, 2023. https://medium.com/@abubakarrajput342/the-impact-of-the-iphone-on-mobile-technology-and-communication-100eae3bca0e.
Saxena, Narothum. “The Evolution and Impact of 5G Technology.” UScellular, October 28, 2024. https://newsroom.uscellular.com/the-evolution-and-impact-of-5g-technology/.
“From Telephone to the Digital Age: The Development of Social Interaction and Public Participation.” Center for Mobile Communication, September 14, 2018. https://sites.bu.edu/cmcs/2018/09/14/from-telephone-to-the-digital-age-the-development-of-social-interaction-and-public-participation/.
Keilbach, Judith. “Instant TV. The Forgotten History of Video Tape Recording (and the Coverage of the Eichmann Trial).” TMG Journal for Media History 27, no. 1 (June 26, 2024): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.876.
Keypoint Intelligence. “Electrophotography: Its Place in the Industry and Role in the Future.” What They Think, May 26, 2022. https://whattheythink.com/articles/110817-electrophotography-place-industry-role-future/
Ngak, Chenda. “Then and Now: A History of Social Networking Sites.” CBS News, July 6, 2011. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/.
Onion, Amanda, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen, and Christian Zapata. “Morse Code & the Telegraph.” History, February 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/telegraph.
Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban. “The Rise of Social Media.” Our World in Data, September 18, 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/rise-of-social-media.
Trenholm, Richard. “History of Digital Cameras: From ’70s Prototypes to iPhone and Galaxy’s Everyday Wonders.” CNET, May 31, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/history-of-digital-cameras-from-70s-prototypes-to-iphone-and-galaxys-everyday-wonders/.
Wallace, Elizabeth. “How Early Photography Changed the World.” CNN, October 24, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/eye-of-sun-national-gallery-photos/index.html.
“1830s – 1860s: Telegraph.” Elon University. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.elon.edu/u/imagining/time-capsule/150-years/back-1830-1860/.
“1890s – 1930s: Radio.” Elon University. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.elon.edu/u/imagining/time-capsule/150-years/back-1890-1930/.
“History of the Radio.” Tech Wholesale. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://techwholesale.com/history-of-the-radio.
“The History of Walkie Talkies.” Two Way Radio. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.twoway-radio.co.uk/history-of-walkie-talkies.
Critical Thinking
“Media Literacy Defined.” NAMLE. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://namle.org/resources/media-literacy-defined/.
Works Consulted
Below are all of the sources that were collected and considered when we were writing copy, creating infographics, and other design elements.
Influence & Design
Andrivet, Marion. “What to Learn From Tropicana’s Packaging Redesign Failure?” The Branding Journal, May 1, 2025. https://www.thebrandingjournal.com/2015/05/what-to-learn-from-tropicanas-packaging-redesign-failure/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Birren, Faber. “Color Perception in Art: Beyond the Eye into the Brain.” The MIT Press 9, No. 2 (Spring, 1976): 105-110.
De Mesel, Benjamin. “Seeing Color, Seeing Emotion, Seeing Moral Value.” Journal of Value Inquiry 50, iss. 3 (October 2015): 539-555.
Gilbert, Samuel. “The Man Who Helped Design a 10,000-Year Nuclear Waste Site Marker.” VICE, April 26, 2018. https://www.vice.com/en/article/jon-lomberg-nuclear-waste-marker-v25n1/.
Grace. “Psychology of Color in Marketing: How it Influences Consumer Behavior.” Newman Web Solutions. February 19, 2024. https://www.newmanwebsolutions.com/blog/psychology-of-color-in-marketing/#
Griffin, James. “Designing for Emotion: How Graphic Designers Can Evoke User Feelings.” Linkedin. July 26, 2024. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/designing-emotion-how-graphic-designers-can-evoke-user-james-griffin-znohe/
Haenschen, Katherine and Tamul, Daniel J. “What’s in a Font?: Ideological Perceptions of Typography.” Communication Studies 71, No. 2(December 20, 2019): 244-261.
Ham, Chang-Dae; Nelson, Michelle R.; and Das, Susmita. “How to Measure Persuasion Knowledge.” International Journal of Advertising 34, No. 1 (November 2014): 17-53.
Harrington, Leslie J. “Color Strategy: Adding and Extracting Value Leveraging Color.” Capella University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (September 2006): 1-222.
Hemphill, Michael. “A Note on Adults’ Color-Emotion Associations.” The Journal of Genetic Psychology 157, Iss. 3 (September 1996): 275-280.
Hisano, Ai. “Eye Appeal Is Buy Appeal.” Technology and Culture 64, no. 4 ( October 2023): 1235–47.
Hou, Min and Tang, Yongpeng. “The Influence of Visual Features in Product Images on Sales Volume: A Machine Learning Approach to Extract Color and Deep Learning Super Sampling Features.” International Information and Engineering Technology Association 40, no. 4 (August 2023): 1469-1477.
Juni, Samuel and Gross, Julie S. “Emotional and Persuasive Perception of Fonts.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 106, Iss. 1 (February 2008): 35-42.
Khattak, None Dr.Sajid Rehman, None Haider Ali, None Yasir Khan, and None Mukharif Shah. “Color Psychology in Marketing.” Journal of Business & Tourism 4, no. 1 (November 6, 2021): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v4i1.99.
Krampen, Martin. “Signs and Symbols in Graphic Communication.” Design Quarterly, no. 62 (January 1, 1965): 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/4047303.
Lees, Harry. “Persuasive vs Informative Advertising: What’s the Difference.” TrustRadius. May 7, 2021. https://solutions.trustradius.com/buyer-blog/persuasive-vs-informative-advertising.
Lewis, Michelle. “The Power of Color Psychology in Marketing: How to Harness the Science and Emotional Impact of Color.” Color Cure. November 20, 2023. https://www.colorcured.com/blog/the-power-of-color-psychology-in-marketing-how-to-harness-the-science-and-emotional-impact-of-color.
Malik, Saif. “How Ancient Symbols Inform Brand Design.” PixTeller (blog), February 3, 2021. https://pixteller.com/blog/how-ancient-symbols-inform-brand-design-240.
Moran, Matt. “Color Psychology Facts and Statistics.” Colorlib, July 9, 2024. https://colorlib.com/wp/color-psychology-facts/.
National Park Service. “Learn to Look at Petroglyphs and Pictographs (U.S. National Park Service),” June 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/learn-look-petroglyphs-pictographs.htm.
Peck, Anna. “Website Redesign Checklist: 5 Trends to Consider.” Clutch, December 11, 2024. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://clutch.co/resources/website-redesign-checklist.
Terwogt, Mark Meerum and Hoeksma, Jan B. "Colors and Emotions: Preferences and Combinations." The Journal of General Psychology 122, no. 1 (January 1995): 5-17.
Winn, Wendy and Kati Beck. "The Persuasive Power of Design Elements on an e-Commerce Web Site." Technical Communication 49, no. 1 (February, 2002): 17-35.
Yocco, Victor. Design for the Mind. Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publications, 2016.
Young, Scott, and Vincenzo Ciummo. “Managing Risk in a Package Redesign: What Can We Learn From Tropicana?” Packaging Strategies, June 19, 2009. https://www.packagingstrategies.com/articles/91264-managing-risk-in-a-package-redesign-what-can-we-learn-from-tropicana.
Perception
Qiong, Ou. “A Brief Introduction to Perception.” Studies in Literature and Language 15, No. 4 (October 2017): 18-28.
Persuasion
Aquinis, Herman; Nesler, Mitchell S.; Hosoda, Megumi; Tedeschi, James T. “The Use of Influence Tactics in Persuasion.” The Journal of Social Psychology 134, Iss. 4 (August 1994): 429.
Benner, Dennis; Schobel, Sofia Marlena; Janson, Andreas; and Leimeister, Jan Marco. “How to Achieve Ethical Persuasive Design: A Review of Theoretical Propositions for Information Systems.” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 14, no. 4 (2022): 548-577.
Braca, Annye and Dondio, Piepaolo. “Developing persuasive systems for marketing: the interplay of persuasion techniques, customer traits and persuasive message design.” Italian Journal of Marketing (July 2023): 369-412.
Lefebvre, Sophie, and Natalie Burclaff. “Radio and Broadcast Advertising.” Library of Congress, September 14, 2020. https://guides.loc.gov/consumer-advertising-great-depression/radio-and-broadcast-advertising.
Mulholland, Joan. Handbook of Persuasive Tactics. New York, NY: Routledge, 1994.
Parmar, Prem. “Persuasive Design: Using Psychology to Influence Users to Act.” CodeTheorem, May 16, 2022. https://codetheorem.co/blogs/persuasive-design.
Stiff, James B. and Mongeau, Paul A. Persuasive Communication. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 2003.
Resistance & Protest
Bashir, Nadia Y.; Lockwood, Penelope; Chasteen, Alison L.; Nadolny, Daniel; and Noyes, Indra. “The Ironic Impact of Activists: Negative Stereotypes Reduce Social Change Influence.” European journal of Social Psychology 43, iss. 7 (September 2013): 614-626.
Burton, Orville. “Ch. 6: Social Activism through Computer Networks.” Essay. In Computing in the Social Sciences and Humanities, 88–124. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2002. https://files.press.uillinois.edu/books/oa/burton/ch06.html.
Chan, Michael. “Psychological Antecedents and Motivational Models of Collective Action: Examining the Role of Perceived Effectiveness in Political Protest Participation.” Social Movement Studies 15, no. 3 (September 2015): 305-321.
Delmas, Candice and Brownlee, Kimberley. “Civil Disobedience.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2024. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/civil-disobedience/
Earl, Jennifer, Thomas Maher, and Jennifer Pan. “The Digital Repression of Social Movements, Protest, and Activism: A Synthetic Review.” Science Advances 8, no. 10 (March 11, 2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl8198.
Flach, Kathryn. “Tell It Like It Is: Television and Social Change, 1960-1980.” UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2018, 1–274. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3019m0d1.
Hickman, Luke. “History of Printmaking and Protest.” Hickman Design. October 4, 2021. https://hickmandesign.co.uk/blog/history/printmaking-protest/?srsltid=AfmBOoppzr8niXDWXRfZ-veIA3p_HnvcuthH3cf025GQ-fFZZZkutXba.
Parsons, E. C. M. “‘Advocacy’ and ‘Activism’ Are Not Dirty Words – How Activists Can Better Help Conservation Scientists.” Frontiers in Marine Science 3 (November 2016): 229.
Philly, Amanda. “The Civil Rights Movement: The Power of Television.” 3690: A Journal of First-Year Student Research Writing 2012, no. 4 (2012): 1–13. https://fisherpub.sjf.edu/journal3690/vol2012/iss1/4.
Seelig, Michelle I.; Millette, Diane; Zhou, Chun; and Huang, Jialing (Catherine). “A New Culture of Advocacy: An Exploratory Analysis of Social Activism on the Web and Social Media.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 27, no. 1 (2019): 15-29.
Simpson, Brent; Willer, Robb; Fienberg, Matthew. “Does Violent Protest Backfire? Testing a Theory of Public Reactions to Activist Violence.” Socius 4 (October 2018): 1-14.
Visualizing Palestine, Uprooted, October 2013. https://visualizingpalestine.org/visual/olive-harvest/
Propaganda
"1950 USSR Propaganda Ad." OboeSolo. May 25, 2017. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGk4tOUKL1c.
"1959 First EVER Barbie Commercial High Quality HQ!" BarbieCollectors. October 29, 2008. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hhjjhYGQtY&list=PLy7WZuRZEZWELI5zVrITwtDdwhk6k4me9&index=73.
"1984 Apple's Macitosh Commercial (HD)." Mac History. February 1, 2012. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtvjbmoDx-I.
"Archive Clip: JFK at Rice University, Sept. 12, 1962 - ‘We Choose to Go to the Moon’." John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. March 31, 2020. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQV9CAJWlVY.
"Burnout 3: Takedown - Crash FM Radia Transitions." Mathew DiLeva. November 5, 2021. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-KJzDkaX2k.
"Daisy Ad (LBJ 1964 Presidential Campaign Commercial)." TheLBJLibrary. May 14, 2012. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cwqHB6QeUw.
"Eyes Scream." Little Baby's Ice Cream. August 1, 2014. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJaLU0w5Do4.
"Old Analog TV Noise, Bad Signal | Retroqrad." Retroqrad Azerbaycan. April 29, 2022. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUtCYAa0_qU.
"Old VHS Sound - Damaged VHS Sound Effect." Distorted Room. January 26, 2015. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TK2RWIIHJs.
"Please Stand By Video Effect." Zen Tech. October 23, 2011. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfK213zXvvU.
"PROOF Chesterfield Cigarettes Have No Adverse Effects on Nose, Throat, Sinuses." VideosTimes2. June 29, 2011. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOKc6TNwlj4.
"VHS VCR Green Screen Chroma Key Video Editing Filter." Audioman5000. April 4, 2018. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb0L2PUWjvI.
"Vintage Old Teek with TC-44 Cough Medicine 1950's Commercial." Vintage Fanatic. July 25, 2014. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVxjV0K3t8.
“FDR’s Fireside Chat on the Recovery Program.” National Archives and Records Administration, June 1, 2020. https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fdr-fireside.
Adobe Express. “The Ultimate Guide to Propaganda.” Adobe, September 16, 2022. https://www.adobe.com/express/learn/blog/ultimate-guide-propaganda.
Beaver, David L. and Stantley, Jason. The Politics of Language. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2023.
Brinkhof, Tim. “Memes as Propaganda: 22 Devious Techniques Used to Weaponize Social Media.” Big Think, March 14, 2022. https://bigthink.com/the-present/memes-propaganda-internet-politics/.
Dennis Benner, Sofia Marlena Schobel, Andreas Janson, and Jan Marco Leimeister, “How to Achieve Ethical Persuasive Design: A Review of Theoretical Propositions for Information Systems,” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 14, no. 4 (2022): pg 551.
Harold Von Schmidt , “Have You Really Tried to Save Gas by Getting Into a Car Club?”, 1944. Printed by the Government Printing Office NARA Still Picture Branch (NWDNS-200(S)-PSC-16)
Henderson, Gae Lyn and Braun, M.J. Propaganda and Rhetoric in Democracy. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016.
Herman, Edward S. “The Propaganda Model Revisited.” The Just Semper Global Alliance (November 2020): 1-12.
Lin, Chunfeng. “Digital Propaganda is Not Simply Propaganda in Digital Garb: Toward an Expanded Theory of Propaganda.” Communication Theory 34, (2024): 205-215.
Randal Marlin, Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion, (Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: 2003): pg 15.
Sparkes-Vian, Cassian. “The Evolution of Propaganda: Investigating Online Electioneering in the UK General Election of 2010.” De Montfort University (2013): 1-258.
Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Aristotle rhetoric) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/
Swanson, Eric. “Critical Notice of Jason Stanley’s ‘How Propaganda Works’.” Mind 126, no. 503 (July 2017): 937-947.
Taylor, Philip M. Munitions of the Mind: A History of Propaganda from the Ancient World to the Present Era. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Manchester University Press, 2003.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Book Burning.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/book-burning.
USDA, Smokey Bear Campaign Poster, 1920, Nabb Research Center Online Exhibits, accessed March 28, 2025, https://libapps.salisbury.edu/nabb-online/items/show/714.
Vizoso, Angel; Vaz-Alvarez, Martin; and Lopez-Garcia, Xose. “Fighting Deepfakes: Media and Internet Giants’ Converging and Diverging Strategies Against Hi-Tech Misinformation.” Media and Communication 9, iss. 1 (March 2021): 291-300.
Ethics & Truth
Au, Cheuk Hang, Kevin K. W. Ho, and Dickson K. W. Chiu. "The Role of Online Misinformation and Fake News in Ideological Polarization: Barriers, Catalysts, and Implications." Information Systems Frontiers 24, no. 4 (August 2022): 1331-1354.
Benner, Dennis; Schobel, Sofia Marlena; Janson, Andreas; and Leimeister, Jan Marco. “How to Achieve Ethical Persuasive Design: A Review of Theoretical Propositions for Information Systems.” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 14, no. 4 (2022): 548-577.
Dennis, Alan R.; Galletta, Dennis F.; and Webster, Jane. Fake News on the Internet. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge Publishing, 2024.
Desai, Shevon, and Jo Angela Oehrli. 2024. “Research Guides: ‘Fake News,’ Lies and Propaganda: How to Sort Fact from Fiction: What Is ‘Fake News’?” University of Michigan. November 9, 2024. https://guides.lib.umich.edu/fakenews.
Kelly, Hazel. “Creating Critical Media Consumers: Learning how the CSU empowers students with critical media literacy skills in today’s ‘fake news’ world.” California State University. October 19, 2020. https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/news/Pages/media-literacy-critical-consumers.aspx.
Kharvi, Prakash L. “Understanding the Impact of AI-Generated Deepfakes on Public Opinion, Political Discourse, and Personal Security in Social Media.” IEEE Security & Privacy 22, no. 4 (2024): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/msec.2024.3405963.
Marlin, Randal. Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion. Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: Broadview Press, LTD., 2003.
McQuail, Denis. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Inc., 2010.
Unknown Hacker. Response to “Donald Trump kissing Elon Musk’s Feet.” Unknown generator, February 24, 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2025/02/24/video-of-trump-kissing-elon-musks-feet-reportedly-plays-in-hud-building/
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“From Telephone to the Digital Age: The Development of Social Interaction and Public Participation.” Center for Mobile Communication, September 14, 2018. https://sites.bu.edu/cmcs/2018/09/14/from-telephone-to-the-digital-age-the-development-of-social-interaction-and-public-participation/.
“Groupthink.” n.d. Communication Theory. Accessed February 12, 2025. https://www.communicationtheory.org/groupthink/.
“History of the Radio.” Tech Wholesale. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://techwholesale.com/history-of-the-radio.
“The History of Walkie Talkies.” Two Way Radio. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.twoway-radio.co.uk/history-of-walkie-talkies.
Barrett, Nicholas. “How Social Media Algorithms Shape Speech.” BBC News, October 12, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8e4p4z97eo.
Bellis, Mary. “Who Made the First Video Recorder?” ThoughtCo, April 19, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-video-recorders-4077043.
Bermudez, Andres. “The World Wide Web as Social Media.” vVvAlog, February 8, 2015. https://andreslombana.net/blog/2015/02/08/the-world-wide-web-as-social-media/.
Brady, William, and The Conversation US. 2023. “Social Media Algorithms Warp How People Learn from Each Other.” Scientific American. August 25, 2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/social-media-algorithms-warp-how-people-learn-from-each-other/.
Brennan, Glyn. “How Digital Media Reshapes Political Activism: Mass Protests, Social Mobilization, and Civic Engagement.” Geopolitics, History, and International Relations 10, no. 2 (June 2018): 76-81.
Cartwright, Mark. “The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe.” World History Encyclopedia, November 2, 2020. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1632/the-printing-revolution-in-renaissance-europe/.
Chris. “The Physics of Morse Code: Efficiency in Simplicity.” Ham Radio Academy, April 5, 2024. https://hamradioacademy.com/the-physics-of-morse-code-efficiency-in-simplicity/.
Cole, Jordan. “The Impact of Nfts on the Digital Art World.” BlockApps, April 17, 2024. https://blockapps.net/blog/the-impact-of-nfts-on-the-digital-art-world/.
Duton, William H., Everett M. Rogers, and Suk-Ho Jun. “Diffusion and Social Impacts of Personal Computers.” Communication Research 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 219–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365087014002005.
Estrada, Andrea. “Origins of the Public Art Museum.” University of California, July 24, 2014. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/origins-public-art-museum#:~:text=In%201734%2C%20almost%2060%20years,as%20we%20know%20them%20today.
Fisher, David, and Donald Fink. “Television.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, February 24, 2005. https://www.britannica.com/technology/television-technology.
Foley, John Miles. “Oral Tradition.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, May 17, 2010. https://www.britannica.com/topic/oral-tradition.
Freiberger, Paul, and Michael Swaine. “ENIAC.” Encyclopedia Britannica, May 27, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/technology/ENIAC.
Gonsalves, Florence, Jama Green, Alex Parrish, Tonia Moxley, Chelsea Seeber, and Ashley Williamson. “AI—The Good, the Bad, and the Scary.” Virginia Tech Engineer, 2023. https://eng.vt.edu/magazine/stories/fall-2023/ai.html
Hall, Ann. 2016. “Group Think | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.” Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. February 5, 2016. https://gsas.harvard.edu/news/group-think.
Hills, Thomas. “#What’sItToYou?” Persuasion and Influence, March 19, 2020. https://persuasion-and-influence.blogspot.com/.
Keilbach, Judith. “Instant TV. The Forgotten History of Video Tape Recording (and the Coverage of the Eichmann Trial).” TMG Journal for Media History 27, no. 1 (June 26, 2024): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.876.
Kelly, Hazel. “Creating Critical Media Consumers: Learning how the CSU empowers students with critical media literacy skills in today’s ‘fake news’ world.” California State University. October 19, 2020. https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/news/Pages/media-literacy-critical-consumers.aspx.
Keypoint Intelligence. “Electrophotography: Its Place in the Industry and Role in the Future.” What They Think, May 26, 2022. https://whattheythink.com/articles/110817-electrophotography-place-industry-role-future/
McQuail, Denis. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Inc., 2010.
Narayanan, Arvind. 2023. “Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms.” Knight Institute. March 9, 2023. https://knightcolumbia.org/content/understanding-social-media-recommendation-algorithms.
Ngak, Chenda. “Then and Now: A History of Social Networking Sites.” CBS News, July 6, 2011. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/.
Onion, Amanda, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen, and Christian Zapata. “Morse Code & the Telegraph.” History, February 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/telegraph.
Opp, Karl-Dieter, and Bernhard Kittel. “The Dynamics of Political Protest: Feedback Effects and Interdependence in the Explanation of Protest Participation.” European Sociological Review 26, no. 1 (2010): 97–109.
Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban. “The Rise of Social Media.” Our World in Data, September 18, 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/rise-of-social-media.
Parida, Surabhi. “Evolution of Social Media Algorithms: The Invisible Hand Guiding Our Online Experience.” Reso, October 6, 2024. https://resoinsights.com/insight/evolution-of-social-media-algorithms-the-invisible-hand-guiding-our-online-experience/.
Rajput, Abubaka. “The Impact of the Iphone on Mobile Technology and Communication.” Medium, August 8, 2023. https://medium.com/@abubakarrajput342/the-impact-of-the-iphone-on-mobile-technology-and-communication-100eae3bca0e.
Saxena, Narothum. “The Evolution and Impact of 5G Technology.” UScellular, October 28, 2024. https://newsroom.uscellular.com/the-evolution-and-impact-of-5g-technology/.
Trenholm, Richard. “History of Digital Cameras: From ’70s Prototypes to iPhone and Galaxy’s Everyday Wonders.” CNET, May 31, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/history-of-digital-cameras-from-70s-prototypes-to-iphone-and-galaxys-everyday-wonders/.
Wallace, Elizabeth. “How Early Photography Changed the World.” CNN, October 24, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/eye-of-sun-national-gallery-photos/index.html.
Mass Influence/Communication
Critical Thinking
“Media Literacy Defined.” NAMLE. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://namle.org/resources/media-literacy-defined/.
Boush, David M.; Friestad, Marian; and Wright, Peter. Deception in the Marketplace: the Psychology of Deceptive Persuasion and Consumer Self-Protection. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
Heaney, Michael T. “PROTEST AT THE CENTER OF AMERICAN POLITICS.” Journal of International Affairs 73, no. 2 (2020): 195–208. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26939975.
Kavanaugh, Jeff. “4 Pillars of Critical Thinking - Jeff Kavanaugh.” Jeff Kavanaugh, August 29, 2017. https://jeffkavanaugh.net/4-pillars-critical-thinking/.
Kelly, Hazel. “Creating Critical Media Consumers: Learning how the CSU empowers students with critical media literacy skills in today’s ‘fake news’ world.” California State University. October 19, 2020. https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/news/Pages/media-literacy-critical-consumers.aspx.
Ketelaars, Pauline. “Tracing Protest Motives: The Link Between Newspaper Coverage, Movement Messages, and Demonstrators’ Reasons to Protest.” Sociological Forum 32, no. 3 (2017): 480–500. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26626041.
Lai, Emily R. "Critical thinking: A literature review." Pearson's Research Reports 6, no. 1 (2011): 1-50.
Majerczak, Przemysław, and Artur Strzelecki. “Trust, Media Credibility, Social Ties, and the Intention to Share towards Information Verification in an Age of Fake News.” Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 2022) p. 51.
Oliver, Pamela E., and Gregory M. Maney. “Political Processes and Local Newspaper Coverage of Protest Events: From Selection Bias to Triadic Interactions.” American Journal of Sociology 106, no. 2 (2000): 463–505. https://doi.org/10.1086/316964.
Opp, Karl-Dieter, and Bernhard Kittel. “The Dynamics of Political Protest: Feedback Effects and Interdependence in the Explanation of Protest Participation.” European Sociological Review 26, no. 1 (2010): 97–109. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40602480.
Prazoli, Gene. “What Are the Three Pillars of Critical Thinking?” Medium, October 2024. https://medium.com/@gene_35040/what-are-the-three-pillars-of-critical-thinking-99804d1b3444.
Smith, Jackie, John D. McCarthy, Clark McPhail, and Boguslaw Augustyn. “From Protest to Agenda Building: Description Bias in Media Coverage of Protest Events in Washington, D.C.” Social Forces 79, no. 4 (2001): 1397–1423. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2675477.
Taylor, Malaena, and Kate Gunby. “Moving Beyond the Sound Bite: Complicating the Relationship Between Negative Television News Framing and In-Depth Reporting on Activism.” Sociological Forum 31, no. 3 (2016): 577–98. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24878784.
Vizoso, Angel; Vaz-Alvarez, Martin; and Lopez-Garcia, Xose. “Fighting Deepfakes: Media and Internet Giants’ Converging and Diverging Strategies Against Hi-Tech Misinformation.” Media and Communication 9, iss. 1 (March 2021): 291-300.
ZUCKER, ANDREW. “Using Critical Thinking to Counter Misinformation.” Science Scope 42, no. 8 (2019): 6–9.